The background system is modeled through the PSILCA v2.0 database, while the foreground system is modeled using on-site data completed with PSILCA information. The assessment is conducted using the performance reference point method. MethodsĪ social hotspot assessment is conducted on pilot-scale operations of an MMP led in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the production of lead concentrate. The goal of this study is to assess the social implications of this new mining paradigm on the value chain of the MMP. A new mining paradigm, small-scale “switch-on switch-off” (SOSO) mining, is based on the design of a flexible and modular mining plant (MMP) and aims at exploiting quickly and safely European small high grade deposits of raw materials, including critical. Mining of raw materials have both positive (e.g., creation of values and jobs along their supply chains and the supply chains they enter) and negative social impacts (e.g., affecting safe and healthy living conditions of the local community or through the risk of corruption).